The influence of physical and mental constraints to a stream of people through a bottleneck

Authors

  • Paul Geoerg Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung, Berlin, Germany
  • Jette Schumann Institute for Advanced Simulation, IAS-7: Civil Safety Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
  • Maik Boltes Institute for Advanced Simulation, IAS-7: Civil Safety Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
  • Stefan Holl Institute for Advanced Simulation, IAS-7: Civil Safety Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
  • Anja Hofmann Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung, Berlin, Germany

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17815/CD.2020.57

Keywords:

human behaviour, egress, pedestrians with disabilities, evacuation, engineering data

Abstract

Understanding movement in heterogeneous groups is important for a meaningful evaluation of evacuation prediction and for a proper design of buildings. The understanding of interactions and influencing factors in heterogeneous groups on key performance figures is fundamental for a safe design. This contribution presents results of experimental studies on movement of a crowd through a bottleneck involving participants with and without disabilities. High precise trajectories of the attendees extracted from video recordings were used to calculate density and velocity of the participants. Besides the well-established fundamental diagram new insights into the individual relation between density and velocity are discussed. A complex structure and considerate behaviour in movement implicates a strong influence of the heterogeneity on key performance values of safe movement.

References

A. Seyfried et al., “New Insights into Pedestrian Flow Through Bottlenecks,” Transportation Science, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 395–406, 2009.

J. Zhang and A. Seyfried, “Quantification of Bottleneck Effects for Different Types of Facilities,” Transportation Research Procedia, vol. 2, pp. 51–59, 2014.

S. P. Hoogendoorn and W. Daamen, “Pedestrian Behavior at Bottlenecks,” Transportation Science, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 147–159, 2005.

K. E. Boyce, T. J. Shields, and G. W. H. Silcock, “Toward the Characterization of Building Occupancies for Fire Safety Engineering: Capability of Disabled People to Negotiate Doors,” Fire Technology, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 68–78, 1999.

G.-Y. Jeon, J.-Y. Kim, W.-H. Hong, and G. Augenbroe, “Evacuation performance of individuals in different visibility conditions,” Building and Environment, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 1094–1103, 2011.

J. G. Sørensen and A. S. Dederichs, “Evacuation characteristics of visually impaired people - a qualitative and quantitative study,” Fire and Materials, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 385–395, 2013.

M. S. Sharifi et al., “Analysis of Walking Speeds Involving Individuals with Disabilities in Different Indoor Walking Environments,” Journal of Urban Planning and Development, vol. 142, no. 1, p. 4015010, 2016.

K. Christensen, S. Collins, J. Holt, and C. Phillips, “The Relationship Between the Design of the Built Environment and the Ability to Egress of Individuals with Disabilities,” Review of Disability Studies, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 24–34, 2006.

J. Zhang and A. Seyfried, “Comparison of intersecting pedestrian flows based on experiments,” Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, vol. 405, pp. 316–325, 2014.

C. Kindler, J. G. Sørensen, and A. Dederichs, “Evacuation of mixed populations from trains on bridges,” in Bridge maintenance, safety, management, resilience and sustainability: Proceedings of the sixth International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management, Stresa, Lake Maggiore, Italy, 8-12 July 2012, F. Biondini and D. M. Frangopol, Eds., Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2012, pp. 1573–1579.

M. Boltes and A. Seyfried, “Collecting pedestrian trajectories,” Neurocomputing, vol. 100, pp. 127– 133, 2013.

M. Boltes et al., “Influences of Extraction Techniques on the Quality of Measured Quantities of Pedestrian Characteristics,” in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics: PED2016, Hefei, China, 2016, pp. 540–547.

B. Steffen and A. Seyfried, “Methods for measuring pedestrian density, flow, speed and direction with minimal scatter,” Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, vol. 389, no. 9, pp. 1902–1910, 2010.

U. Kemloh, M. Chraibi, and J. Zhang, “Jülich Pedestrian Simulator: JuPedSim,” User's Guide Version 0.7, 2015.

W. Liao et al., “Measuring the steady state of pedestrian flow in bottleneck experiments,” Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, vol. 461, pp. 248–261, 2016.

W. Liao et al., “Experimental Study on Pedestrian Flow through Wide Bottleneck,” Transportation Research Procedia, vol. 2, pp. 26–33, 2014.

A. Seyfried, B. Steffen, W. Klingsch, and M. Boltes, “The fundamental diagram of pedestrian movement revisited,” (Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, vol. 2005, no. 10, pp. P10002, 2005.

S. Holl, M. Boltes, and A. Seyfried, “Level of safety concept for major events,” in Traffic and Granular Flow '15, V. Knoop and W. Daamen, Eds.: Springer-Verlag New York Inc, 2016.

J. Zhang and A. Seyfried, “Empirical Characteristics of Different Types of Pedestrian Streams,” Procedia Engineering, vol. 62, pp. 655–662, 2013.

A. John, A. Schadschneider, D. Chowdhury, and K. Nishinari, “Collective effects in traffic on bi-directional ant trails”, Journal of theoretical biology, vol. 231, no. 2, pp. 279–285, 2004.

Downloads

Published

27.03.2020

How to Cite

Geoerg, P., Schumann, J., Boltes, M., Holl, S., & Hofmann, A. (2020). The influence of physical and mental constraints to a stream of people through a bottleneck. Collective Dynamics, 5, 246–252. https://doi.org/10.17815/CD.2020.57

Issue

Section

Proceedings of Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2018